National Animal Interest Alliance

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The National Animal Interest Alliance (NAIA) is a front group and industry funded lobbying organization for animal commerce and agribusiness based in Portland, Oregon. The NAIA was founded in 1991 by Dalmatian breeder and American Kennel Club (AKC) board member, Patti Strand and Adrian Morrison, DVM, PhD, a biomedical researcher. It is a self described "charitable organization" and tax exempt under the IRS code 501(c)(3). [1], [2]

Contents

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Overview

Agendas include financial interests, legislation and public relations for animal agribusiness, commercial breeding, hunting, fishing, trapping, fur ranching, animal testing, and animals in entertainment. [3] According to its website, it is an "educational organization" which supports "responsible animal ownership and opposes extremism." They also endeavor to present a "positive image of animal interests in the media" and "place animal issues back in the hands of the experts" as well as prevent "hostile animal rights legislation", educate the public and expand their "grassroots network". [4] Board members representing breeding, agribusiness, hunting, horse racing, rodeos, circuses and vivisection industries appear to be so concerned about "animal rights extremism", that virtually any attempt at humane advocacy falls neatly into this category. This includes spay/neuter, puppy mill and anti-horse slaughter legislation. The NAIA is also pro agribusiness, factory farming and meat & dairy in general. Board member Lance Baumgard, PhD, "writes and speaks on the weak connection between dietary fat and human disease. Dr. Baumgard received the 2007 Cargill Animal Nutrition Young Scientist Award." [5] The NAIA also lobbies through the NAIA Trust, an affiliated 501(c)(4) legislative branch.

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Lobbying against humane legislation

According to the NAIA, they support "responsible and humane use of animals"; including appropriate housing, nutrition, medical care and humane euthanasia. [6] However, website "alerts" advocate opposition or severe curtailing of laws designed to protect companion animals, farm animals and other animals used in commerce as well as wildlife and marine life. [7] The NAIA lobbies in the interests of its "members" by tracking humane legislation across the country at all jurisdictions (federal, state, city and county). [8] See also NAIA Trust, section 1, Lobbying against humane legislation.

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Spay/neuter, breeding restrictions and fees

According to the NAIA, mandatory spay/neuter programs requiring licensing fees for those profiting from animal breeding and adding to the problem of pet overpopulation, are "coercive". Furthermore, they are "spay or pay licensing schemes" which have "little effect" on pet overpopulation that produce "serious unintended consequences". [9] According to Patti Strand:

"NAIA also notes that campaigns to stop pet overpopulation have been so successful they have caused a shortage of puppies and small dogs in many shelters. Rather than declare success and close their doors, some of these shelters now pay for puppies and dogs and import them from other cities, territories and countries so they will have dogs available for adoption. NAIA believes some of the rescue groups and shelters participating in this relocation process are acting as dealers and pet stores and should be licensed accordingly." [10]

According to the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), 6 to 8 million companion animals a year enter U.S. shelters and 3 to 4 million of those animals are euthanized. Every day in the U.S., thousands of companion animals are born due to uncontrolled pet breeding and lack of spay/neuter laws. Other negative byproducts include transformation of shelters into warehouses and incredible stress on shelter workers. Aggression and temperament issues can be attributed to uncontrolled breeding as can over 4.5 million dog bites annually. Neutering helps to reduce aggressive behavior. Every year, communities spend millions of dollars and vast amounts of volunteer hours coping with surplus pets. [11] Humane societies sometimes take in overflow from areas with overcrowded shelters and high euthanasia, who would otherwise by put down. They do not buy and sell dogs. See also War on Animals, section 7.1.

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Horse slaughter

The NAIA aggressively pursues a horse slaughter agenda. According to the disturbing headlines from NAIA Director, Cindy Schonholtz, [12] the U.S. horse industry is "struggling to address issues surrounding the processing of unwanted horses". In this letter she references figures from her own website, the Animal Welfare Council. The AWC primarily represents rodeos, but also industries such as: ranching, horse slaughter, the Premarin industry, circuses and carriage operators. [13]

"Now that animal rights groups and ban supporters have been successful in legislative efforts to shut down almost all of the U.S. horse processing plants and legally hobble the last remaining one, we have them to thank for the current sad state of welfare for U.S. horses." [14]

Horses going to slaughter are shipped on crowded, double-decker cattle trucks without food, water or rest for over 24 hours. Pregnant mares, foals, injured and blind horses are shipped for slaughter. Under cover footage obtained by HSUS shows fully conscious horses being shackled and hoisted by their rear leg to have their throats slit. It is particularly difficult to align them to the captive bolt gun that renders them unconscious, since horses are skittish by nature. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 92.3% of horses sent to slaughter are not in danger of abandonment or neglect. The remaining 7 to 8% may require rescue or have to be placed into one of over 400 horse rescues and sanctuaries in the U.S. or simply be humanely euthanized. According to HSUS, it is "market forces" which dictate the horse slaughter industry. [15] See also Animal Welfare Council.

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Proposition 2, California's Humane Farm Bill Act (passed in November 2008)

NAIA lobbies in favor of corporate factory farms. Humane laws are described as "unnecessary and unreasonable". According to NAIA, they also "threaten the health and well being of the hens" and "people who eat their eggs." [16]

Factory farms or intensive confinement operations are designed to maximize profits by producing meat, eggs and dairy as quickly and cheaply as possible. Animals are heavily dosed with antibiotics and subject to painful mutilations due to unsanitary, crowded conditions. They are also given hormones and genetically engineered to produce faster growth. See also & Animals raised & hunted for food & meat & dairy industry, sections 4 & 5. Prop 2 provides minimal space requirements for animals. It proposes to prevent farm animal cruelty, ensure health and food safety, support family farmers, protect air and water and make "common sense reforms". [17] To read the text of the initiative for California's Humane Farm Bill Act, see also: [18]

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H.R. 3058: Puppy Protection Act, 107th Congress, 2001-2002 (defeated)

The H.R. 3058 Puppy Protection Act (PPA) was an amendment to the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) [19] which would have protected animals living in laboratories, puppy mills and pet stores. It was introduced by Senators Rick Santorum (R-PA) and Richard Durbin (D-IL) and based on the S. 1478 Puppy Protection Act. [20] The PPA included a "three strikes and you're out" system, limits on litters for breeding females (to recover between litters) and a minimum breeding age of one year for females. It also contained requirements for adequate socialization with other dogs and people, to prevent future behavior problems. The House-passed version of the Farm bill H.R. 2646, did not contain the puppy mill provision. [21] Opposition to this bill included breeder and industry lobbies like the AKC, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the NAIA. [22], [23] According to Patti Strand:

"The PPA was inspired by special interest groups that fund raise using emotional animal welfare issues. As such, it was based on sound bites and depended on evidence from those who aim to restrict all dog breeding. NAIA supports the AKC's conclusion that there is no basis in current science and no consensus among breeders, veterinarians or animal behaviorists as to what constitutes acceptable socialization standards." [24]

Patti Strand has been an AKC board member since 1995. [25] Independent research has indicated that most temperament issues are due to inhumane treatment, lack of proper socialization, inappropriate functions (guard dogs, chained dogs and fighting dogs) and irresponsible breeding. [26] There are also numerous groups devoted exclusively to this issue. [27]

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Other alerts & events

Alerts for "events" are non-welfare, non-advocacy related, such as AKC dog trials. [28] Others are "terrorist alerts". [29]

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S. 3880: Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 109th Congress, 2005-06 (passed)

NAIA predictably lobbied in favor of this bill. [30] Critics have characterized the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA) as being designed to protect the financial interests of corporations and industry as well as chill dissent and discourage legal activism, boycotts and protests. [31] See also Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, section 6.

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Petition to President Bush

Since June of 2001 the NAIA has circulated an unsuccessful petition to revoke People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' (PETA) 501(c)(3) status (featured on a site owned by the Fur Commission.) According Patti Strand, the NAIA is:

"an organization of animal professionals and enthusiasts, (who) today called on the Bush Administration to investigate the exploitation of IRS charitable tax-exempt status by certain animal rights groups that use intimidation, harassment and deception to raise money." [32]
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NAIA, AKC, state breeders associations & puppy mills

There are about 20 state pet breeders associations who are (not too surprisingly) located in the major puppy mill states. The most active and vocal ones are in Missouri, Pennsylvania and Ohio, home to the heaviest concentration of puppy mills or what the AKC refers to as "high volume breeders". Almost all pet breeder associations link to NAIA and AKC websites. The mouthpieces for the Pennsylvania and New York Pet Breeders Associations are Amish and Mennonite puppy millers, whose USDA inspection reports list repeated violations. [33] In 2006 the AKC registered 870,000 individual dogs and 416,000 litters. At $20 per dog and $25 per litter (plus $2 per puppy) the AKC brought in well over $30 million in revenues from registration of dogs born in puppy mills. Litters from puppy mills are the registry's largest source of income. [34]

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Letter from Patti Strand

A February 18, 2008 letter from Patti Strand objects to a Washington state consumer protection bill proposing commercial breeders be legally accountable for the health of puppies they sell, while exempting charitable rescues. According to Patti Strand "these entities are totally unregulated" and "operate like pet stores". Furthermore, they "recruit and sell/adopt" in the "secondary pet market". According to Ms. Strand complaints about "sick, dying and vicious animals" have increased due to the fact that "rescues and other quasi-humane groups have mushroomed." [35]

She apparently makes no distinction between breeding and selling sick puppies for hundreds or thousands of dollars each and charities rescuing homeless and abused animals; which she refers to as a "secondary pet market" (like used cars?) While rescues quarantine and screen animals for health and temperament issues prior to adoption (sometimes with restrictions); even young, healthy animals are sometimes euthanized due to lack of space, funds and available homes. Most issues (including over population) are preventable and result from the lack of standards which the NAIA and AKC endorse. Some are rescues from puppy mills and the "professional breeders" she advocates for. She also objects to "strays being imported from Asia", where millions dogs and cats are victims of the fur and meat trades. [36], [37] The real issue is not lack standards for "quasi-humane groups", but competition with AKC registered mill puppies. See also American Kennel Club, section 4.

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Endorsing unnecessary & inhumane surgeries

According to the NAIA, the animal "husbandry practices" of canine ear cropping, tail docking and debarking and feline declawing are "under assault". Critics are either "uninformed citizens or special interest groups" whose objections are "based on false and misleading information". According to the NAIA, many owners and breeders believe that cropping their dogs ears improves their hearing and prevents ear infections that "sometimes plague drop-eared dogs". Objections are due to "false and outdated beliefs and "a lack of information about modern surgical techniques". [38]

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Canine ear cropping & tail docking

Certain dog breeds are mutilated as puppies solely for cosmetic reasons. On this basis, it is an animal welfare issue. Claims that dogs of only certain breeds have their ears cropped for prophylactic reasons or "to hear better" are unsubstantiated and misleading. [39] For example, "drop eared" breeds like Labradors are not cropped. In July of 2009, Banfield, a leading veterinary practice, discontinued cosmetic tail docking and ear cropping. Devocalization has also been discontinued. According to Karen Faunt, DVM:

"We have determined it is in the best interest of the Pets we treat, as well as the overall practice, to discontinue performing these unnecessary cosmetic procedures. It is our hope that this new medical protocol will help reduce, and eventually eliminate, these cosmetic procedures altogether.” [40]

Banfield is the largest veterinary practice in the world with over 730 hospitals and 2,000 vets in the U.S. Tail docking involves cutting off part of a dog’s tail within 2 to 5 days of birth. Ear cropping surgically removes part of a dog's ear and bandages the ear to heal upright. In November of 2008, the AVMA issued a policy statement opposing cosmetic tail docking and ear cropping and encouraged their elimination from breed standards. Bans restricting cosmetic surgeries are being considered in New York and Illinois. Tail docking and/or ear cropping has also been banned in various countries.[41]

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Feline declawing

Declawing a cat involves the painful amputation of the last joint of a cats toes. Amputation alters the conformation of their feet and deprives a cat of its primary means of defense and escape. Declawing is illegal in many parts of Europe. [42] According to the AVMA, declawing cats "should be considered only after attempts have been made to prevent the cat from using its claws destructively or when its clawing presents a risk for disease to its owner(s)." [43]

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Debarking


Faces of Devocalization by Coalition to Protect and Rescue Pets. - September 2009

Debarking of dogs involves the surgical removal of tissue from the vocal chords and is illegal in some parts of US. According to the Association of Pet Dog Trainers:

"Dogs bark for a reason, frequently because they are bored, lonely, threatened, or otherwise distressed. Debarking silences the dog without addressing the environmental issues that are causing the stress and the barking. The owner then has less reason to be aware of the environmental stressors, and little or no motivation to reduce or correct them, thus leaving the dog still distressed, but silent." [44]

However, since debarking is an abusive convenience tool used by breeders and researchers, it is predictably endorsed by the NAIA. In this NAIA article, it has been renamed "bark softening". According to Charlotte McGowan "who has bred dogs for 50 years and been an AKC dog show judge for 30 years", it is "animal rights interests" who are attacking this "life saving procedure". Ms. McGowan has "had many dogs debarked over the years" and assures critics that the "usefulness of this procedure should not be ignored". She counters the "urban legend" that dogs are debarked by shoving a pipe down their throats. [45]

"Urban legends" notwithstanding, in August of 2009 Pennsylvania legally banned "tail docking after five days of age, debarking and surgical birth on dogs, unless performed under anesthesia by a veterinarian." Apparently, PA puppy millers were debarking (cutting or scarring a dog's vocal cords), tail docking and even performing Caesarean sections on dogs themselves without anesthesia. [46]

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Portland area shelters

Although the website features a "shelter project" with an "army of volunteers", the NAIA does not run a shelter, rescue or foster animals. According to the NAIA, there have been "dramatic reductions in shelter pet impound and euthanasia rates." [47] Patti Strand, director of a lobby which boasts vivisectionists and furriers among its members, served on the citizen oversight committee at Multnomah County Animal Services (MCAS) for the better part of the 1990s and on a task force appointed in 2000 under the guise of a "responsible breeder's" group. Ordinances implemented during this time included anti-TNR laws (trap, neuter and return), mandatory cat licensing, trapping and impounding of "trespassing" cats without notice to owners and selling unclaimed animals for vivisection and dissection. Such policies also encourage theft of both indoor and outdoor cats. [48], [49]

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Carolina Biological Supply Company

Carolina Biological Supply Company (CBSC) is the nation's largest supplier of specimens for classroom biology dissection. Both the NAIA and CBSC have a longstanding relationship with Portland area shelters. In a December 2000 article in a Portland area newspaper, the The Sherwood Gazette, a CBSC spokesman admitted to purchasing dead cats from the "Oregon Humane Society and surrounding county shelters". CBSC provides an on-line catalogue which features dead cats. [50] CBSC was also the subject of a 1990 investigation by PETA. See also Carolina Biological Supply Company.

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1999 Oregon ordinance on dog & cat fur

In August of 1999, immediately after director John Rowton was questioned by an irate couple at a focus group as to "exactly what kind of business was being conducted at the shelter", a strangely worded statute appeared on the books of the Oregon State Legislature. The statute prohibited the killing of dogs and cats for their fur.

"ORS 167.390 (1: Commerce in fur of domestic cats and dogs prohibited; exception (1) A person may not take, buy or sell or otherwise exchange for commerce in fur purposes the raw fur or products that include the fur of a domestic cat or dog if the fur is obtained through a process that kills or maims the cat or dog." [51], [52]
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Legitimizing high euthanasia & killing of feral cats

NAIA representatives sat on a task force implementing a change in record keeping systems that was adopted by MCAS in 2006. [53], [54] According to critics, statistics based on Asilomar Accords are not transparent or accurate, as entire categories of animals are excluded. The system also allows for refusing rescue groups access to animals and the trapping and killing of feral cats. Feral cats are classified as "untreatable, unhealthy" or "suffering from a temperament issue that poses a health or safety risk". Life and death decisions are open to interpretation. Statistics can be easily manipulated to show lower euthanasia rates, while keeping businesses such as CBSC supplied with dead cats. [55], [56] On May 10, 2009, Sharon Harmon, director of the Oregon Humane Society told "The Oregonian" that MCAS has been in a "downward spiral" for several years. Between 2003 though 2008, animals brought into the shelter increased by only 5%, while the budget increased by 50% (to 4.6 million). Adoption rates decreased by 40% for dogs and 18% for cats. Almost half the dogs and two thirds of the cats not returned to owners were killed; a "kill rate" well above neighboring shelters with far smaller budgets. Thousands of dollars were squandered on "adversarial enforcement", while animals saved by cooperating rescues dropped by 40%. [57]

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Funding

NAIA receives its primary financial support from "member donations" from related businesses and associations in farm animal agribusiness, commercial breeding, hunting, fishing, trapping, fur ranching, animal testing, rodeos and circuses. The Fur Commission is a member of the NAIA. [58] Funding also comes from sponsorships, grants and advertising. [59]

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Iams pet food

Iams pet food is endorsed by the NAIA. [60] For 10 months in 2002 and 2003, PETA conducted an undercover investigation at Sinclair Research Center, a contract laboratory for Iams pet food. The investigation found dogs who had gone crazy from intense confinement in barren steel cages and cement cells. Sick dogs and cats were left to languish in their cages without veterinary care; including dogs who had had chunks of muscle hacked from their thighs. Dogs had also been surgically debarked. The USDA found 40 violations of the AWA, including failure to provide veterinary care, pain relief, adequate space and proper training. [61], [62] See also Proctor & Gamble, section 7.

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Officers

  • Patti Strand, co-founder & National Director - Dalmatian breeder since 1969 & AKC board member since 1995.
  • Dr. Larry S. Katz, President - Associate professor and Chairman of the Animal Sciences Department at Rutgers University, where he studies the sexual behavior of goats, sheep and deer. [63]
  • Anne Edwards, Secretary - Dog and cat breeder and co-founder of the Missouri Federation of Animal Owners, Inc.[64]
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Former board members

  • Joan Berosini - Spouse of former Las Vegas entertainer and animal trainer, Bobby Berosini. Mr. Berosini sued two animal rights groups and three individuals after a Las Vegas dancer at the Stardust Hotel secretly videotaped him shaking, punching and hitting his orangutans with a rod in 1989. [65], [66] See also War on Animals, section 4 on animals in entertainment.
  • Joseph Bielitzki - ex-NASA chief veterinary officer and vivisection proponent.
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Contact

NAIA
11402 Se Flavel St
Portland, OR 97290-6579
503-761-1139

Web address: http://www.naiaonline.org/

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Articles & sources

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SourceWatch articles

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References

  1. ↑ More about the NAIA, National Animal Interest Alliance, accessed July 2009
  2. ↑ NAIA Officers & Board Members, NAIA, accessed July 2009
  3. ↑ Sites of interest, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  4. ↑ Why join NAIA?, NAIA, 2007
  5. ↑ NAIA Officers & Board Members, NAIA, accessed September 2009
  6. ↑ More about the NAIA, NAIA, accessed July 2009
  7. ↑ NAIA online newsletters, updates and alerts, NAIA, 2009
  8. ↑ NAIA Campaigns, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  9. ↑ Mandatory Spay/Neuter Laws: A Misguided Approach To Stabilizing Pet Populations, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  10. ↑ WE WON!!! Puppy Protection Act Defeated Dog Press, April 2002
  11. ↑ The Crisis of Pet Overpopulation, Humane Society of the United States, May 2007
  12. ↑ NAIA Officers & Board, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  13. ↑ AWC Members, Animal Welfare Council, accessed January 2009
  14. ↑ Cindy Schonholtz Animal Rights Win, Horses Lose! NAIA Newsletter: October 2007
  15. ↑ Myths About Horse Slaughter, HSUS, October 2007
  16. ↑ Patti Strand NAIA Opposes Prop 2Join NAIA and NAIA Trust in Opposing California Proposition 2!, NAIA Trust, 2008
  17. ↑ Prop 2 Passes! It's a Historic Day for Farm Animals in California., Yes on Prop 2, 2008
  18. ↑ Joe Ramsey Request for Title and Summary for Proposed Initiative, California's Humane Farm Bill Act, August 2007
  19. ↑ Animal Welfare Act and Regulations, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 2009
  20. ↑ H.R. 3058: Puppy Protection Act, 2002-02, govtrack.us, accessed January 2009
  21. ↑ U.S. Senate Passes Farm Bill Addressing Animal Fighting, Puppy Mills, Farm Animals and Bears, HSUS, February 2002
  22. ↑ WE WON!!! Puppy Protection Act Defeated, Dog Press, April 2002
  23. ↑ Letters needed in opposition to the 'Puppy Protection Act', NAIA Action Alert, accessed January 2009
  24. ↑ WE WON!!! Puppy Protection Act Defeated, Dog Press, April 2002
  25. ↑ AKC Announces Board of Directors Election Results, American Kennel Club, March 14, 2007
  26. ↑ Karen Delise Fatal Dog Attacks, the Truth Behind the Tragedy: It's the Owner, Not the Dog, National Canine Research Council, 2007
  27. ↑ Chained Dog Sites, Dogs Deserve Better, accessed January 2009
  28. ↑ Sharon Anderson Agility - AKC's new fun sport grows in leaps and bounds, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  29. ↑ The case against animal rights and environmental extremism, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  30. ↑ Action Alert: Anti terrorism bill. Request for action by the Senate Judiciary Committee of the Congress of the United States, NAIA, accessed September 2009
  31. ↑ Will Potter House Passes AETA With Little Discussion or Dissent: Notes from the House Floor “Debate”, Greenisthenewred.com, Nov 2006
  32. ↑ NAIA Press Release: NAIA Calls on President Bush to Act Against Animal Rights' Extremists, Fur Commission, June 2001
  33. ↑ Animal interest groups such as NAIA, Best Friends Network, January 2007
  34. ↑ Laura Allen Rally Against The AKC's Support Of Puppy Mills, Bestfriends Network News, April 2007
  35. ↑ Patti Strand Urging a NO vote on SB 6408, NAIA, February 2008
  36. ↑ Animal Abuse in Korea: The True Price of Fur, In Defense of Animals, accessed July 2009
  37. ↑ Hell on Earth for Dogs in Korea, In Defense of Animals, accessed July 2009
  38. ↑ NAIA position statement: Animal Husbandry Practices, NAIA, accessed January 2009
  39. ↑ Backgrounder: Welfare implications of Dogs: Ear Cropping, American Veterinary Medical Association, Reference, December 2008
  40. ↑ The Pet Hospital discontinues tail dock, ear crop and devocalization procedures, Banfield, July 2009
  41. ↑ Tail Docking & Ear Cropping, Dogged Health, 2009
  42. ↑ Dr. Christianne Schelling Declawing, 1998
  43. ↑ AVMA policy: Declawing of Domestic Cats, AMVA Issues, April 2009
  44. ↑ Surgical Debarking, Association of Pet Dog Trainers, January 2003
  45. ↑ Charlotte McGowan Debarking (Bark Softening) - Myths and Facts, NAIA, 2008
  46. ↑ Gov. Rendell Signs Bill to Combat Cruelty at Pa. Puppy Mills , HSUS, August 2009
  47. ↑ About NAIA Shelter Project, NAIA, 2009
  48. ↑ Cynthia Eardley Calling Cat People to Action, Portland Independent Media Center, July 2003
  49. ↑ Geordie Duckler Frequently Asked Questions, The Animal Law Practice, accessed January 2009
  50. ↑ CBSC on-line catalogue, Carolina Biological Supply Company , accessed January 2009
  51. ↑ Offenses Against Public Health, Decency and Animals, Oregon State Legislature, Chapter 167, 2007
  52. ↑ Cynthia Eardley Calling Cat People to Action, Portland Independent Media Center, July 2003
  53. ↑ Shelter Project Resources, NAIA Shelter Project, accessed January 2009
  54. ↑ Asilomar Shelter Statistics, Animal Shelter Alliance of Portland, 2009
  55. ↑ Does the Road to No Kill Lead Through Asilomar?, pg 1-4, No Kill Advocacy Center, April 2005
  56. ↑ Definitions, Asilomar Accords, accessed January 2009
  57. ↑ Galen Barnett The wrong road on animal control, The Oregonian, June 2009
  58. ↑ What is Fur Commission USA?, The Fur Commission, accessed June 2009
  59. ↑ More about the NAIA, NAIA, accessed July 2009
  60. ↑ National Animal Interest Alliance, Iams, accessed June 2009
  61. ↑ Sinclair Research Center, USDA, October 2006
  62. ↑ USDA Report: Animals Still Suffer at Iams, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, accessed January 2009
  63. ↑ Dr. Larry S. Katz, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, accessed September 2009
  64. ↑ NAIA Officers & Board Members, NAIA, accessed September 2009
  65. ↑ High court throws out $4.2 million judgment animal trainer won in libel, privacy suit, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, February 1994
  66. ↑ PETA v. Bobby Berosini, Ltd.; Counsel: Robert D. Martin, Las Vegas, January 1994
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